Affricate (C):  (manner of articulation).  A phoneme consisting of a stop and a fricative to create a single phoneme.  Example: English /j/.

Alveolar (C):  (point of articulation).  A sound produced by positioning the tip of the tongue at or near the teethridge.

Alveopalatal  (C):  (point of articulation).  Sounds produced by considerable raising of the front of the tongue with the teeth at or near the teethridge.  Arabic example:  /sh/.

Back vowels (V):  Vowels in which the body of the tongue is in the back part of the mouth.  English example:  /u/.

Bilabial (C):  (point of articulation).  A sound produced by bringing the lips together.

Dental (C):  (point of articulation).  A sound produced usually produced by protruding the tip of the tongue between the upper and lower front teeth (most speakers of American English) or positioning it close behind the upper front teeth (most speakers of British English).

Fricative (C):  (manner of articulation).  A sound in which the air flow is partially blocked, resulting in a noisy, hissing sound.  Example: English /f/.

Front vowels (V):  Vowels in which the body of the tongue is in the front part of the mouth.  English example:  /i/.

Glide (C,V):  (manner of articulation).  A sound characterized by a smooth, rapid transition between two different vowel sounds.  Also called semivowels.  There are two Arabic examples:  /w/ and /y/.

Glottal (C):  (point of articulation).  The opening at the upper part of the larynx, between the vocal cords.

High Vowels (V):  Vowels in which the body of the tongue is raised.  English examples:  /i/ and /u/.

Interdental (C):  (point of articulation).  A sound produced by positioning the tongue at the tip of the teeth.  English example:  /th/.

Labiodental (C):  (point of articulation).  A sound produced by raising the lower lip until it touches the upper front teeth.  English example:  /f/.

Lateral (C):   (manner of articulation).  A sound produced with a passage of breath around the side of a constriction formed with the tongue.  Example:  English /l/.

Low Vowels (V):  Vowels in which the body of the tongue is lowered.  English example:  /u/.

Nasal (C):  (manner of articulation):  A sound produced by air flow going through the nose.  English examples:  /m/ and /n/.

Palatal (C):  (point of articulation).  A sound involving the front of the tongue and the hard palate.  English example:  /y/.

Pharyngeal (C):  (point of articulaton):   A sound produced by retracting the base of the tongue and constricting the pharynx.

Post-velar (C):  (point of articlation).  A sound produced just below the velum.

Retroflex (C):  (manner of articulation).  A sound characterized by positioning the tongue at the back of the alveolar ridge.  English example:  /r/.

Stop (C):  (manner of articulation).  A sound that is abruptly stopped after being uttered.  A characteristic of stops is that they emit a little puff of air after they are uttered.  English examples:  /p/ and /b/.

Uvula:  the small, fleshy, body projecting downward from the middle of the (soft palate).

Uvular (C):  (point of articulation).  An articulation involving the back of the tongue and the uvula.

Velar (C):  (point of articulation).  A sound which involves the back of the tongue being raised to touch the velum.  English example:  /k/. Velum:  The soft, movable part of the palate at the back of the mouth.  Also called the soft palate.

Voiced (C):  A sound produced by vibrating the vocal cords.  English examples:  /m/, /v/, and /z/.

Voiceless (C):  A sound produced without vibrating the vocal cords.  English examples:  /k/, /h/, and /th/.